Why Your Succulents Keep Rotting—and How to Save Them

Succulents have become a favorite among gardeners and plant lovers alike, thanks to their unique shapes, vibrant colors, and low-maintenance requirements. However, many novice gardeners find themselves facing a common issue: rotting succulents. If you’ve noticed your once-thriving plants starting to sag, turn mushy, or develop brown spots, it’s crucial to understand the underlying reasons for this condition. Let’s break down the real reasons your succulents keep rotting and how you can save them.

Understanding Succulent Rot

Succulent rot is primarily caused by overwatering, but it can also stem from several other factors, including poor drainage, inappropriate potting mixes, and environmental conditions. Recognizing the signs of rot early can make a significant difference in saving your plants.

Overwatering: The Primary Culprit

The most common mistake that leads to succulent rot is overwatering. Unlike traditional houseplants, succulents thrive in arid conditions and store water in their leaves, stems, and roots. When succulents are watered too frequently, their roots can become waterlogged, leading to root rot. Signs of overwatering include:

Yellowing or browning leaves

Soft, mushy stems or leaves

A foul odor emanating from the soil

To avoid overwatering, follow these guidelines:
Watering Schedule: Only water succulents when the top inch of soil feels dry. Depending on your home environment (humidity, temperature), this could mean watering anything from once a week to once a month.
Seasonal Adjustments: In winter, succulents typically enter a dormant phase and require even less water. Reduce watering frequency during this time.

The Right Pot and Soil

Another critical factor in preventing rot is using the correct potting mix and container. Here’s what to consider:
Potting Mix: Standard potting soil retains too much moisture for succulents. Instead, use a well-draining cactus mix or create your own by mixing regular potting soil with perlite or coarse sand. This ensures excess water drains away quickly.
Drainage Holes: Always choose pots with drainage holes to allow water to escape. Without proper drainage, stagnant water can lead to root rot.

Light and Temperature Conditions

Succulents require a balance of light and temperature to thrive. While they love sunlight, too much direct exposure, especially in the summer, can lead to sunburn and stress, making them more vulnerable to rot.
Light Requirements: Most succulents prefer at least six hours of indirect sunlight daily. If you notice your plants stretching towards the light, they may be getting insufficient light. Conversely, if they’re getting too much direct sunlight, their leaves may scorch.
Temperature: Ensure your succulents are kept in temperatures between 60°F and 80°F (15°C to 27°C). Protect them from extreme cold, especially before the first frost.

Pest Issues

While pests may not directly cause rot, they can weaken your succulent, making it more susceptible to rot. Common pests include mealybugs and aphids, which can sap your plant’s strength. Regularly inspect your plants and treat any infestations promptly.
Cleaning: Use a damp cloth to wipe down leaves and remove any pests you can see. For more severe infestations, consider using insecticidal soap or neem oil.

Signs of Rot and How to Save Your Succulents

If you suspect your succulent has started to rot, don’t panic! Quick action can save your plant:

1. Inspect the Roots: Gently remove the plant from its pot and examine the roots. Healthy roots should be firm and white. If they’re brown, mushy, or have a foul smell, you may need to trim the affected areas with sterile scissors.

2. Repot: After trimming, let the roots dry for a few hours to allow any cuts to callus over. Then, repot the succulent in fresh, dry potting mix and a container with good drainage.

3. Water Sparingly: After repotting, wait a week before watering to allow the roots time to recover.

4. Monitor: Keep an eye on your succulent over the following weeks. Adjust your watering schedule based on the plant’s needs and environmental conditions.

Preventing Future Issues

To ensure your succulents thrive long-term, consider these preventative measures:
Routine Checks: Regularly inspect your plants for signs of rot or pests.
Seasonal Care: Adjust your care routine based on the changing seasons. For instance, reduce watering in the winter months when your plants are dormant.
Educate Yourself: Learn about the specific types of succulents you own, as different varieties may have slightly different care requirements.

In Summary

Succulents should be a low-maintenance joy in your gardening journey, but rot can quickly turn them into a source of frustration. By understanding the causes of rot—primarily overwatering, poor soil, and inadequate light—and taking proactive steps to care for your plants, you can enjoy their beauty without the worry of them wilting away. Remember, every plant is unique, so take the time to observe and adjust your care routine accordingly. Happy gardening!